Purpose: This paper has examined the structure of the openings of the Qajarid domestic and forign correspondence. Methodology and Research Design. Archival records and library resources were examined to collect data for this paper. Findings and Conclusion: The structure of the introduction consisted of three parts: addressing, titles and prayers. Since the Qajarid period, the initiation of domestic and foreign officialcorrespondence, depending on the importance of the letter, became shorter. The prayer line was not used for domestic correspondence and only one tiitle was used for th eadrresee. With regard to foreign correspondence, prayer and complementary phrases were rarely used. The introduction to most of the Qajarid correspondence followed the Brotherhood principles.

Supporting communicative rights is a new legal idea in the field of communications. The article tries to introduce the decade-old idea of "communicative rights." Therefore, the focus of the study is to discuss the concepts of the subject and present a documentary study on the field. Furthermore, it draws on a field study, carried out through Q methodology to determine to what extent such important issues as accessibility, ability and application of information, are considered by Iranians (experts and news writers).The findings show that Iranians' views regarding research on communicative rights resemble the worldwide attitudes on the subject.

Shaykhism is one of the youngest schools in the history of Imamiyyah (Twelver Shiism). The Theory of "Forth Pillar (Rukn-i-Rabi’) " is one of the most famous theories attributed to this school, the different branches of which do not have a common notion of it.Besides, they disagree over the person to whom the aforementioned theory could be attributed."Ahmad Al-Ahsa’i", "Sayyed Kazim Al-Rashti" and "Muhammad Karim Al-Kirmani" have been nominated to be the theorizer by different Shaykhi or non-Shaykhi scholars. This Article identifies four components in the structure of Theory: 1) The literature based on Quadr-hierarchy of "God, Prophet, Imam, and perfect Shia".2) The Hierarchy of Secret-Men (Qura-yi-Zahirah).3) Their Unity or Multiplicity.4) Their Duties and roles.Although the foundation of Theory could be recognized in Al-Ahsa’i’s works, by concentrating on these four components, I shall demonstrate that Sayyed Kazim Al-Rashti should be elected as the main theorizer of Theory.

In the case of large amounts of information, the data should be summarized in such a way that no valuable information is lost. Sufficient statistics are used for this purpose. In this paper, by defining similar statistics, a method for calculating these statistics is presented. Informative statistics are then defined under several different loss functions. The concept of sufficiency is used to identify two characteristics, similarity and informativeness. Finally, under several different loss functions, in the case of Gaussian observation errors and linear systems, informative statistics are found.

Pillar design and stability analysis is an issue that is faced routinely in mining and civil industries. In mining operations, while the establishment of several mining levels is often necessary to ensure adequate production, it does result in formation of pillars that must be recovered under high stress conditions at later stages of excavation. Moreover, in civil infrastructures, such as underground power stations, waste repositories, warehouses, etc., design of remnant rock pillars is necessary and very common. Therefore, it is beneficial to develop guidelines that help in the design of rock pillars as well as to maintain their long-term stability. The aim of this paper was to delve into the mechanism involved in rock pillar loading process and failure mechanisms. The effects of pillar geometry, pillar and surrounding ground stiffness were investigated on pillar failure mechanism. A thorough numerical analysis was carried out to investigate the pillar deformation and failure process under natural loading conditions. Accordingly, the obtained results were compared against field data, from Canadian mining operations, published by various researchers. A fairly good match was obtained between the numerical findings and published field data.

Document similarity matching is essential for efficient text retrieval, plagiarism detection, and content analysis. Existing studies in this field can be categorized into three approaches: statistical analysis, deep learning, and hybrid approaches. However, to the best of our knowledge, none have incorporated the importance of named entities into their methodologies. In this paper, we propose DOSTE, a method that first extracts name entities and then utilizes them to enhance document similarity matching through statistical and graph-based analysis. Empirical results indicate that DOSTE achieves better results by emphasizing named entities, resulting in an average improvement of 9% in the average recall metric compared to baseline methods. Also, DOSTE unlike LLM-based approaches, does not require extensive GPU resources. Additionally, non-empirical interpretations of the results indicate that DOSTE is particularly effective in identifying similarity in short documents and complex document comparisons.

Introduction: Iran has one of the highest rates of traffic-related mortality in the world. Informative-educational Campaign using mass media to prevent health-endangering behaviors have been always the center of attention of health experts. Examining the results of the informative-educational campaign in terms of preventing traffic accidents in various communities has been always effective in choosing a proper solution to reduce the rate of risky behaviors in driving, and death.Methods: In this review study, a search was carried out through PUBMED and EBSCO Databases using related keywords, references, and articles of expert authors related to the topic. In this search, related articles were selected and analyzed to find the interferences through which the informative-educational campaign has been designed and implemented while aiming at preventing traffic accidents among motorists, passengers, motorcyclists, bicyclists and pedestrians.Results: Proper design and implementation of the campaigns leads to less costly access to a wider range of audience. Economical analysis of the impact of these programs shows that social benefits have more impact than the expenses used for it.Conclusion: Success of such programs depends on their accompanying supplementary school-oriented and community-oriented programs. Presence of health experts along with media professionals in the process for designing programs enhances efficiency and effectiveness of these measures.

Introduction: Two of the most important tests used in the forensic genetics are DNA fingerprinting and paternity testing. Short tandem repeats (STRs) are very frequently used in identification. Nevertheless, there are limitations on the use of these markers in identifying badly degraded DNA. In these cases, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are used because of their shorter amplicon lengths. Recognition of SNPs of high informativeness is a vital step in preparing a list of suitable SNPs. The present research aimed to determine the maximum informative SNPs to be used for identification in Iranian Azari population. Materials and Methods: Four SNPs developed by the SNPforID Consortium were selected. The allele frequencies of the SNPs were obtained using HRM Analysis on DNA samples taken from 100 different individuals. The SNPs that satisfied the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and had heterozygosity of higher than 0. 50 and equal allele frequency were selected as SNPs of the maximum informativeness. Results: Two polymorphisms (Rs2107612 and Rs1355366) had equal allele frequencies and heterozygosity of higher than 50 percent. Therefore, these 2 polymorphisms are considered highly informative among the studied Azeri population and can be considered in preparing a list of suitable SNPs. Conclusions: Results of the present study can be used along with other SNPs to increase the identification power for some samples. It can also help preparing a database of suitable SNPs to be used for identification in Azeri population in Iran.

This paper gives an overview of the difficulties associated with the design of hard rock pillars in South African mines. Recent examples of large scale pillar collapses in South Africa suggest that these were caused by weak partings which traversed the pillars. Currently two different methods are used to determine the strength of pillars, namely, empirical equations derived from back analyses of failed and stable cases and numerical modeling tools using appropriate failure criteria. It is illustrated in the paper that both techniques have their limitations and additional work is required to obtain a better understanding of pillar strength.Empirical methods based on observations of pillar behaviour in a given geotechnical setting are popular and easy to use, but care should be exercised that the results are not inappropriately extrapolated beyond the environment in which they are established. An example is the Hedley and Grant formula (derived for the Canadian uranium mines) that has been used for many years in the South African platinum and chrome mines (albeit with some adaptation of the K-value). Very few collapses have been reported in South Africa for layouts designed using this formula, suggesting that in some cases it might yield estimates of pillar strength that are too conservative.As an alternative, some engineers strongly advocate the use of numerical techniques to determine pillar strength. A close examination unfortunately reveals that these techniques also rely on many assumptions. An area where numerical modeling is invaluable, however, is to determine pillar stresses accurately and to study specific pillar failure mechanisms, such as the influence of weak partings on pillar strength.

Although the issue of economic crimes and the need to fight against it in recent decades has always been one of the concerns of the officials and the government in Iran, but the dream of this phenomenon has been brought up from time to time and after a while it has been forgotten without achieving any results. has been In this way, the symbolic emphasis on the issue of combating economic crimes and disregarding expert and scientific opinions has caused pragmatism to penetrate into the criminal policy of economic crimes in such a way that the acquisition of political image by government trustees in the eyes of public opinion is one of their main goals. It is considered in the fight against economic crimes. The main reason for such a trend among policymakers is that economic crimes have reduced trust in the government and encourage them to play an effective role in fighting these crimes in public opinion. Such an approach overshadows the real fight against economic crimes and leads it to populist methods. The main question of the current research, which has been conducted according to a descriptive-analytical approach, is what are the changes in the elements of economic crime in Iran's criminal policy with an emphasis on jurisprudence standards? The result of the present research is that according to the harmless rule, the rule of blocking the arms, etc., the elements of economic crime should be considered as two pillars in most crimes.